What Is CUI? A Complete Guide to Controlled Unclassified Information for Businesses 

Key Takeaways 

• CUI is sensitive but not classified, requiring safeguarding under federal regulations like 32 CFR part 2002 and oversight by the National Archives and Records Administration. 

• Businesses working with federal agencies, especially DoD contractors, must follow NIST SP 800-171, DFARS 252.204-7012, and CMMC requirements to avoid fines, contract loss, or security breaches. 

• Proper CUI identification and marking using the CUI Registry, required category indicators, and Distribution Statements are essential for compliance. 

• Microsoft GCC or GCC High, not commercial Microsoft 365, should be used for CUI; GCC High is required for the most stringent DoD and ITAR needs. 

• CloudFit, an authorized Microsoft reseller, provides GCC and GCC High licenses along with guidance, onboarding, and support to help businesses meet CMMC and NIST SP 800-171 standards. 

Information is one of the most valuable assets an organization can hold. For companies working with or alongside the Federal Government, certain types of data require extra attention and protection — this is where Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) comes in. 

CUI isn’t classified in the same way as top-secret intelligence, but it’s still sensitive information governed by strict government-wide policies and compliance standards. Mishandling it can result in hefty fines, contract loss, reputational damage, and threats to national security. 

Whether you’re a prime contractor, subcontractor, or even a small business collaborating with a federal agency, understanding the CUI program and how to manage it per 32 CFR part 2002 is crucial for compliance and security. 

What Is CUI? 

Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) is information that the U.S. government considers sensitive but not classified under federal law. It’s information that requires safeguarding or controlled dissemination controls per laws, regulations, and government-wide policies. 

Definition and Origin of the Term 

The term CUI was set up under Executive Order 13556 in 2010 to standardize how agencies handle sensitive information. Before this, agencies used a mix of different labels like “For Official Use Only” (FOUO) or “Sensitive But Unclassified” (SBU), which created inconsistencies. The CUI program, managed by the National Archives and Records Administration through the Information Security Oversight Office, ensures all agencies follow a unified CUI policy for protecting such data. It also designates a CUI Senior Agency Official within each agency to oversee policy adherence, CUI training, and awareness. 

Examples of CUI in Business Contexts 

CUI can take many forms, including: 

• Technical drawings or schematics for defense equipment 

• Export-controlled data covered by the Atomic Energy Act or other Federal regulations 

• Sensitive financial reports related to government contracts 

• Proprietary business information shared under a government purpose license 

• Personally identifiable information (PII) of government personnel 

• Legal documents tied to federal projects 

Difference Between CUI and Classified Information 

• Classified information: Has a security classification (Confidential, Secret, Top Secret) and is protected under national security laws, including Executive Order 13526. 

• CUI: Not classified but still subject to strict protection rules — often because of privacy, financial, or legal concerns. 

Why Does CUI Matter for Businesses? 

Not safeguarding CUI can lead to legal trouble, loss of government contracts, and exposure to cyber threats. 

Legal and Regulatory Implications 

Companies that handle CUI must follow NIST SP 800-171 standards and relevant DFARS (Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement) clauses. The CUI program makes it clear that non-compliance can result in contract termination or disqualification from future bids. 

Impact on Compliance 

CUI protection is central to the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC), which is becoming a requirement for Department of Defense contractors. Key frameworks that enforce CUI security include: 

• NIST SP 800-171 (minimum security requirements documented in NIST publications) 

• DFARS 252.204-7012 (DoD contractors’ cyber incident reporting rules) 

• Linked Source publication updates from compliance authorities 

Risks of Mishandling CUI 

• Data breaches exposing sensitive government project details 

• Loss of customer trust 

• Civil or criminal penalties 

• Loss of eligibility for certain government contracts 

Who Needs to Protect CUI? 

Not every business encounters CUI, but for those that do, compliance is non-negotiable. 

Government Contractors and Subcontractors 

Any contractor or subcontractor working with federal agencies — especially the DoD — may handle CUI as part of their contract deliverables. 

Organizations in Defense, Aerospace, Healthcare, and Finance 

These industries often work with agencies that deal with export-controlled or regulated information, much of which falls under CUI program requirements. 

SMBs Working with Federal Agencies 

Even small businesses providing niche products or services to the government — such as IT support, manufacturing parts, or consulting — can be subject to CUI regulations if their contracts involve Controlled Unclassified Information. 

How Is CUI Identified and Marked? 

Properly labeling and identifying CUI is essential for compliance and avoiding accidental disclosure. 

CUI Categories and Markings 

The CUI Registry, kept by the National Archives and Records Administration, outlines official categories of CUI, such as: 

• Privacy 

• Proprietary business information 

• Law Enforcement Sensitive 

• Critical Infrastructure 

These categories guide how information is handled and what CUI markings are applied. 

Examples of CUI Markings 

Documents holding CUI should be clearly marked with: 

• A header/footer saying “CONTROLLED” or “CUI” 

• The applicable category indicator from the CUI Registry 

• Any marking requirements outlined in contracts or the CUI policy 

• Distribution Statements when relevant 

Tools and Systems for Identifying CUI 

Organizations can use: 

• Data Compliance and data loss prevention (DLP) software 

• Document management systems with automated tagging and CUI markings 

• Secure email gateways with CUI recognition features 

• An integrated marking system for applying and verifying labels 

What Are the CUI Compliance Requirements? 

If your business handles CUI, these are the main compliance frameworks you’ll need to follow. 

Overview of NIST SP 800-171 

NIST SP 800-171 outlines 110 security controls in 14 control families, covering areas like access control, incident response, and system integrity. 

DFARS Clause and DoD Requirements 

For defense contractors, DFARS 252.204-7012 requires: 

• Implementing NIST SP 800-171 

• Reporting cyber incidents within 72 hours 

• Flowing down requirements to subcontractors 

Role of Microsoft GCC and GCC High in CUI Compliance 

Microsoft 365 Government Community Cloud (GCC) and GCC High are secure cloud environments designed to meet federal data handling requirements, including CUI. 

• GCC: Suitable for many state, local, and federal agencies. 

• GCC High: Meets ITAR and DoD SRG Level 4/5 requirements, essential for certain defense contractors handling Controlled Unclassified Information. 

Best Practices for Managing CUI 

To support compliance and security, businesses should adopt strong CUI management practices. 

Access Control and Encryption 

• Implement role-based access control (RBAC) 

• Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) 

• Encrypt CUI at rest and in transit 

Employee Training and Awareness 

Regular training ensures employees understand: 

• What qualifies as CUI 

• How to apply correct CUI markings 

• How to follow marking requirements 

• Proper steps for destroying CUI when it’s no longer needed 

• How to complete required CUI training programs 

Secure Collaboration Tools 

Platforms like Microsoft 365 GCC High enable compliant document sharing, version control, and secure messaging — critical for remote or hybrid teams. These tools can also handle Adobe Acrobat PDF files securely, ensuring PDF files holding CUI are protected. 

How Microsoft Copilot Can Support CUI Workflows 

AI tools like Microsoft Copilot can be valuable in CUI environments — if implemented correctly. 

AI-Powered Document Handling 

Copilot can summarize large CUI documents, draft reports, and answer questions from data sets — reducing administrative workload. It can also be used to help prepare Adobe Acrobat PDF compliance packages for audits. 

Integration with Secure Environments 

When deployed in GCC High, Copilot can run within compliance boundaries, ensuring that Controlled Unclassified Information never leaves approved environments. 

Productivity Benefits for Compliance Teams 

• Faster report generation for audits 

• Improved search and retrieval of CUI documents 

• Automation of routine compliance checks 

• Support in creating compliant PDF files and Adobe Acrobat PDF files for recordkeeping 

What Are Common Mistakes Businesses Make with CUI? 

Even well-intentioned organizations can slip up. 

Mislabeling or Failing to Label 

Not applying proper CUI markings or meet marking requirements can result in accidental disclosure to unauthorized individuals. 

Using Non-Compliant Platforms 

Sharing CUI over public cloud services like standard Gmail or Dropbox violates compliance requirements. 

Lack of Internal Policies 

Without a documented CUI policy, employees are more likely to make mistakes or overlook key safeguards. 

How To Choose the Right Tools for CUI Compliance 

Your tech stack plays a big role in safeguarding CUI. 

Microsoft 365 Environments: Commercial vs GCC vs GCC High 

• Commercial: Standard Microsoft 365 — not compliant for CUI. 

• GCC: Meets many government requirements but not all defense-specific mandates. 

• GCC High: Designed for DoD contractors and ITAR requirements. 

Licensing Considerations 

GCC and GCC High licenses can only be purchased through an authorized reseller — you cannot buy GCC High directly from Microsoft. That’s where CloudFit comes in. We’re an authorized reseller of both GCC and GCC High licenses, and we specialize in helping businesses meet CMMC compliance requirements to protect CUI. 

Getting Started with Secure Platforms 

• Assess your compliance requirements 

• Partner with a reseller experienced in the CUI program 

• Migrate data and train employees on compliant collaboration tools 

FAQs About CUI 

What qualifies as CUI? 
Sensitive but unclassified information such as financial data, legal documents, and proprietary business information shared with federal agencies. 

Is CUI the same as classified information? 
No. CUI is not classified but still requires protection under federal regulations. 

Do small businesses need to follow CUI regulations? 
Yes, if they handle CUI through government contracts or partnerships. 

Can Microsoft Copilot be used in CUI environments? 
Yes, but only within compliant environments like GCC and GCC High. 

How do I know if my business handles CUI? 
Review your contracts, look for Distribution Statements, and consult with your compliance officer or legal team. 

What level of system and network configuration is required for CUI?

Organizations must implement a moderate level of system and network configuration that aligns with federal standards like NIST SP 800-171 and DFARS 252.204-7012.

Final Thoughts  

CUI is a critical part of data security for businesses working with federal agencies. Understanding what CUI is, how it must be protected, and the compliance frameworks surrounding it — such as NIST 800-171 — is essential for keeping trust and eligibility for government contracts. By implementing best practices and choosing the right tools, organizations can safeguard sensitive information and ensure regulatory compliance.  

Choose CloudFit to Protect CUI  

GCC and GCC High licenses are not available for direct purchase from Microsoft—they must be bought through an authorized reseller. CloudFit is that trusted partner. As a Microsoft-authorized reseller, we provide both GCC and GCC High licenses tailored for organizations that need to meet strict federal compliance standards, including CMMC and NIST 800-171. 

Whether you’re a small business entering the defense space or an enterprise managing sensitive government data, CloudFit helps you deploy secure Microsoft environments designed to protect CUI. Our team offers expert guidance, streamlined onboarding, and ongoing support to ensure your licensing and compliance needs are fully met. 

Contact CloudFit today to purchase GCC or GCC High licenses and take the next step in securing your environment and achieving CUI compliance. 

Sources: 

Executive Order 13556 — Controlled Unclassified Information | The White House 

PART 2002—CONTROLLED UNCLASSIFIED INFORMATION (CUI) | ECFR.gov 

Guidance on the Protection of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) | DOL.gov